Tramadol
Tramadol is a potent pain medication used to treat moderate to severe pain It is not usually recommended for the treatment of chronic (long-term) pain.Tramadol is a controlled substance used to manage moderate to moderately severe pain in adults. It falls under the category of opioid agonist medications and is available in tablet or capsule form.Here are some key points about Tramadol:
Mechanism of Action:
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that acts in the brain and spine (central nervous system) to reduce pain perception.
The liver enzyme CYP2D6 converts tramadol to its active metabolite M1. M1 has a stronger affinity for the mu receptor compared to the inactive form.This interaction with the mu receptor contributes to its analgesic effect.
It works by binding to opioid receptors and inhibiting the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine.
Tramadol also acts as an inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin re-uptake.By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, it enhances their availability in the synaptic cleft.
This dual action on both opioid receptors and neurotransmitter reuptake contributes to its pain-relieving properties.
Forms and Dosage:
Tramadol is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, injection and extended-release formulations.
The extended-release form is used for around-the-clock pain management and should not be taken on an as-needed basis.
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