Pneumonia

                    Pneumonia


Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lungs primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Common symptoms include a productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of pneumonia can vary, and it can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
                  Symptoms:
  • Cough with mucus or phlegm
  • High-grade fever with chills
  • Fast breathing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain while coughing
  • Fast heartbeat
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Body pain
Severe cases may involve coughing up blood or cyanosis (a blue color around the mouth due to lack of oxygen).
             Causes:
Bacterial or viral infection (rarely fungal)
Spread through inhalation of airborne droplets (coughing or sneezing)
             Risk Factors:
Age (children below 2 years and adults above 65 years)
Hospitalization in intensive care units
Underlying lung diseases (asthma, COPD)
Smoking
Weakened immune system (HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplants).

      Pneumonia can be a serious condition, and proper treatment is essential. Here are some key points on how to treat pneumonia:
              1.Diagnosis:
Your doctor will start by reviewing your medical history and conducting a physical examination.
Diagnostic tests may include:
  • Chest X-ray: To check for signs of infection in the lungs.
  • Blood culture: To identify the causative organism.
  • Sputum culture test: To confirm the cause of infection.
  • Urine test: To detect bacterial infections like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.
  • Pulse oximetry: To measure oxygen flow to the lungs.
  • CT scan: To assess the severity of infection.
  • Bronchoscopy: A camera-fitted tube is inserted into the lungs to sample airway secretions and diagnose the causative agent
              2 Medication:
Treatment depends on the cause, symptoms, and severity:
  • Antibiotics (e.g., Levofloxacin, Azithromycin) for bacterial infections.
  • Antivirals (e.g., Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) for viral infections.
  • Antifungals (e.g., Fluconazole, Itraconazole) if caused by fungi.
  • Analgesics (e.g., Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen) to ease pain.
  • Cough suppressants (e.g., Dextromethorphan, Codeine) to relieve cough1
            3.Therapy:
Oxygen therapy: To maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood.
            4.Self-Care:
Rest and avoid overexertion.
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
             5.Foods:
Increase fluid intake, especially broth-based soups.
Consume fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins like chicken.
Avoid refined starch, sugar, pasteurized milk, and dairy products



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